Americans’ Views of Marijuana Effects Worsen

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Americans’ views of the effects of marijuana have worsened over the past two years, as slim majorities now say it negatively impacts both society as a whole (54%) and most people who use it (51%). This contrasts with Gallup’s findings from 2022, when the public was about evenly divided in its assessments of marijuana’s effect on society and more likely to say the effect on most users was positive (53%) rather than negative (45%).
The latest data, from Gallup’s July 1-21 Consumption Habits poll, show that majorities of Americans in several demographic groups believe marijuana has a positive effect on most who use it. These include those who say they have tried marijuana, young adults 18-34 years old, Democrats, and those who attend religious services less than monthly or never.
By contrast, majorities of their counterparts — those who say they have never tried marijuana, adults 55 and older, Republicans and those who attend religious services at least monthly — think marijuana has a negative effect on most who use it. Independents and adults 35 to 54 years old are divided in their views.
All of the groups have become less likely since 2022 to say marijuana has a positive effect on users.
Meanwhile, less than half of Americans in each of these groups now think that marijuana positively impacts society.
A separate question in the July survey measures U.S. adults’ opinions of the harmfulness of cigarettes, chewing tobacco, e-cigarettes, cigars, a pipe, nicotine patches, alcohol and marijuana to those who use them.
Although majorities of Americans believe each of the eight substances is “very” or “somewhat” harmful to its users, the two-thirds who say marijuana is very (26%) or somewhat (40%) harmful is the lowest. In contrast, more than nine in 10 U.S. adults consider cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and e-cigarettes or vaping to be harmful, including majorities calling each very harmful.
The public’s perceptions of the harmfulness of marijuana have worsened slightly since last year, when 23% viewed it as very and 35% somewhat harmful.
The 13% of U.S. adults who currently report that they smoke marijuana is down slightly from the 16% to 17% range recorded in 2022 and 2023. Meanwhile, compared with 2022, a steady 12% of U.S. adults say they consume edibles, about matching the 11% of Americans who say they smoke cigarettes, which ties the low in Gallup’s 80-year trend. Seven percent of U.S. adults vape or use e-cigarettes. Alcohol use is more widespread, with 58% of U.S. adults saying they have occasion to drink.
Marijuana is legal for recreational use in 24 states, and the U.S. Justice Department has recently begun the process to reclassify marijuana as a less-dangerous drug. Although U.S. adults are less likely to call marijuana “harmful” than to say this about seven other substances, slim majorities now believe marijuana has a negative effect on its users and society as a whole.
To stay up to date with the latest Gallup News insights and updates, follow us on X @Gallup.
Learn more about how the Gallup Poll Social Series works.
View complete question responses and trends (PDF download).